Stanza della Segnatura, Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican. This list may not reflect recent changes (). If you liked this article, do not forget to share with your FRIENDS. Greek philosopher Plato was a student of Socrates and later became a teacher of Aristotle. He was a Greek Philosophers and the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. Sold for $4,500 via Sotheby’s (June 2005). She promoted the philosophy of Objectivism, which she describes as “the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute.” This belief was realized in her successful novel Atlas Shrugged, as well as in courses, lectures, and other literary works. His views continue to have major influence on contemporary philosophy, especially in the fields of epistemology, ethics, political theory, and post-modern aesthetics. The alphabetical list of philosophers is so large it had to be broken up into several pages. The written records left behind, from the early works of Pythagoras to modern philosophical leaders, offer practical applications of some of the greatest intellects’ own musings. The Republic of Plato. X C To look up a philosopher you know the name of, click on the first letter of their last name. Yes, it is complicated stuff, it is nothing but the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Here are 10 Greatest Philosophers who ever lived 1. J Philosophy has been a central fixture in the history of civilization, from ancient Greece to modern day. Sources: The Famous People | List 25 | The-Philosophy | Erratic Impact | History Lists | Biography | Encyclopedia Britannica. I These ancient Greek philosophers were influential in laying the foundations for the modern world; searching for meaning in everyday life and shaping their musings into a system of thoughts documented in books and manuscripts, letters, plays, and other media. N W He lived 20-years of his life in the Dutch Republic after service for a while in the Dutch States Army of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange and the Stadtholder of the United Provinces. He emphasized personal and governmental morality, the correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. The term “philosophy” derives from the Greek word philosophia which translates to a “love of wisdom,” coined by pre-Socratic thinkers such as Pythagoras in the 6th century B.C. Aristotle is called the “Father of Western Philosophy”. Socrates was a Greek philosopher and is considered the primary source of Western thought. Owing to outstanding philosophy, he has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion. Her most notable book, The Second Sex, discusses the treatment of women throughout history and the oppression they endured. Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Francois Arouet, better known for his pen name “Voltaire,” is largely considered one of the greatest French Enlightenment writers. F What is most real? The poem features an array of learning, an analysis of contemporary problems, and creativity in language and imagery. Throughout his studies, he made valuable contributions to modern theories of a limited, liberal government. Le provinciali o Lettere scritte da Luigi Montalto, How Shakespeare’s Leading Ladies Got Their Names, Popular English Idioms and Their Curious Origins, One Museum Director on Why He Collects Objects from the Past, The Wine Lover’s Guide to Different Types of Champagne, What is Stuckism? Pherecydes of Syros (c. 620 – c. 550 BCE). His teachings focused on creating ethical social relationships, setting educational standards, and promoting justice and honesty. H Aristotle. G He went on to establish the Academy in Athens, one of the first institutions of higher learning in the Western world. He also propagated a religious doctrine that taught the experience of God through the heart rather than through reason, contrary to the beliefs of French philosopher René Descartes. Kant would believe that the reason is the. Zeno of Citium was a Hellenistic philosopher of Phoenician who belongs to Citium, Cyprus. Although this picture might not necessarily be true, ancient Greek philosophers were the first that doubted the contemporary philosophical paradigm, observed and interpreted the world they lived in and set the basis of Western civilization thinking. Sold for €160 via Bubb Kuyper (May 2016). Through methods of questioning, critical thinking, rational argument, and systematic presentation, philosophers have posed practical and concrete questions that have yielded new schools of thought and ways of thinking. B U Epicurus and his followers were known to discuss a wide range of topic in depths. H This is a list of philosophers from the Western tradition of philosophy. "By reading the Upani ṣ ads and the Gītā, one gets a feel for the metaphysical and moral outlook that permeates the classical orthodox tradition in India. O U Plato’s logic explored justice, beauty, and equality, and contained discussions in aesthetics, politics, language, and cosmology—the science of the origin and development of the universe. P He was known for his influential system of philosophical empiricism, scepticism, and naturalism. P K Critik der reinen Vernunft. Topics K Her best-known publication, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, is considered the first great feminist treatise. Thales of Miletus (c. 624 – 546 BCE). Following the ides of the Old Academy, Zeno reportedly divided philosophy into three parts namely logic, physics and ethics. His logic later influenced philosophers like Voltaire and Rousseau. As a fixture of the history of civilization, philosophy has made a profound impact on society. Considered one of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology, and ethics, Aristotle learned from Plato after enrolling in his Academy at age seventeen. Sold for $1,300 via Swann Auction Galleries (May 2018). Philosophy can be described as the rational, abstract, and methodical consideration of reality. John Locke’s writing influenced several Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. His belief in empiricism can be felt with this quote, which reads, “whatever I write, as soon as I discover it not to be true, my hand shall be the forwarded to throw it into the fire.”. In 1657, Pascal published Les Provinciales under the pseudonym Louis de Montalte, a series of eighteen letters that defended Jansenist over Jesuit theologies. Plato’s dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity, from which Socrates has become renowned for his contributions to the fields of ethics and epistemology. Plato was the inventor of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy. Q Because Zeno’s ideas were later expanded upon by Chrysippus and other Stoics it can be difficult to determine precisely what he thought. Wollstonecraft was an fierce advocate for women’s rights, arguing that women deserve the same fundamental rights as men and should have an education commensurate with their position in society.
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