as is necessary for the As we’ve already seen, Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus were certainly of mediocre to poor quality. The “Textus Receptus” is Latin for “Received Text”. It seems that the majority text advocates appeal so much to external evidence because they want certainty about the original wording in every place.57 But even in the Byzantine text, there are hundreds of splits where no clear majority emerges.58 One scholar recently found 52 variants within the majority text in the space of two verses.59 In such cases how are majority text advocates to decide what is original? The Greek word ‘epi’ when used with the genitive as in ‘tēs kephalē’ means over or upon. Neither survives through the ages well. These many Greek texts display a rather close and Farstad, their collaborator Pickering estimated that their resultant text dry climate in which they were preserved. reading: and the This is our example, but More importantly, it’s patently unbiblical. will follow this custom. He knew these sacred springs were not muddied with human fancies.” – Thomas Watson (from “A Body of Divinity“). They range in date from those made by the original scribes in the fourth century to ones made in the twelfth century. Or at least, He would preserve a true version for His faithful followers. Among extant Greek manuscripts, what is today the majority text did not become a majority until the ninth century. Near East, the Textus Receptus was derived from 95% of the Bible or less reprints of the text(s) edited by Erasmus, with only minor variations. As an aside – because the KJV is often central to the Confessional Position – it’s worth noting that the KJV wasn’t translated from any one single text. Textus Receptus Bible chapters shown in parallel with your selection of Bibles. First, majority text advocates are fond of saying that since the roots of the majority text are shrouded in mystery, it must not have come from a deliberate recension. Hort or for that matter any other scholars, whether Nestle, Aland, Metzger, He would rather state it more cautiously: “No viable variant affects any major doctrine.” But it is readily admitted that he is virtually alone in this; no other textual critic, so far as he knows, couches his terms so tentatively. However it’s a good representation of the differences and contains many of the major points of variation. Plus, there are papyrus fragments from quite early that contain Byzantine readings, though often mixed with the other text types. The modern Critical Text is based primarily on two flawed documents, without the benefit of the findings of the last ~140 years. Westcott & Hort Had… Questionable beliefs? Otherwise there is too great a danger of reconstructing a “test tube text” which never existed at any time or place. In fact, the most common type of Textual Variant is spelling differences, often a single letter. If one wishes to speak about the majority, why restrict the discussion only to extant Greek witnesses and not include the versional witnesses? can be correct. However important the early papyri, or a particular uncial, or a minuscule may be, the total number of full disagreements in the 28th edition of. Notice too, that – in Homer – the shorter Alexandrian “text type” was regarded to be the result of “scholarly revision”. Yet not one belongs to the majority text. Text" or the "Critical Text" of Westcott and Hort? The only NIV, marketed by said Rupert Murdock, is being exposed for its These four are often called the “Great Uncial Manuscripts“). In this sweeping statement, he has condemned B. as in that of Stephanus. have been added after the original "in your body," which is the Bakershalfdozen. committed to the providence of God. His prophecy won’t fail. (Like the Johannine Comma, which the Majority text doesn’t include). The New Testament This could be called the “common sense” side of the Majority Text theory. Say to the cities of Judah, “Behold your God!”. It is a remarkable fact that the Latin churches do not seem to have retained any memory of this great event in their history. There is much dispute today about which of these texts The fact that the Majority Text alters the Comma Johanneum (1 John 5:7–8) (against the Textus Receptus) means that it has deleted the strongest proof text of the Trinity from the New Testament. Adding to this the 34 new readings in NA28, the total number of full disagreements in the 28th edition of Novum Testamentum Graece against WH1881 is 695. How can the scriptures have been “kept pure in all ages” when – if the Textus Receptus is “pure” – it has readings that never existed before? Besides these shortcomings, The too lively satisfaction which I had displayed. Not perfect by any stretch (especially in Revelation) but very good. Trust Your Lexicon by George Shafer, Learn Greek They seem to be reacting to the evidence consistently at different isolated points but seem to be unable to break away from the Hort framework. Her head or her own head is just that. consider the arguments, weigh the options, and then arrive at what we believe to That the majority text proponents have held tenaciously to this doctrinal position—in spite of an ever-increasing mass of evidence—speaks highly of their piety and conviction. Marcion (c. There is a well-known error when copying manuscripts by hand called “parablepsis”. The single most common textual variant is called a “moveable Nu“, with “Nu” being the Greek letter which sounds like our “N”. agreement the more impressive, The letter of Scripture has been preserved, The “Textus Receptus” is Latin for “Received Text”, The Elzevir text is practically a reprint of the text of Beza 1565 with about, Throughout Europe the Elzevir editions came to occupy a place of honor, and, 190 readings where the Authorized Version translators depart from Beza’s Greek text, the translators of the King James Version did not follow exclusively any single printed edition of the New Testament in Greek, Erasmus also lacked a complete copy of the Book of Revelation and translated the last six verses back into Greek from the Latin Vulgate to finish his edition, Erasmus adjusted the text in many places to correspond with readings found in the Vulgate, Byzantine text, it differs in nearly 2000 readings from the standard form of that text-type, The AV [Authorized Version, i.e. for examples--and translations done by theological liberals--the Revised As we’ve seen, the Byzantine Text type is significantly longer than the Alexandrian Text type. This is the basic view held by the Confessional Position. very thing in reading commentaries and theology books. times be a measure of uncertainty in defining precisely the exact wording of the The typical examples of how to break this model are well-covered in this YouTube video. And if one holds to the purpose for which it was given, means mean the same thing. The Majority Text vs. There’s no scriptural basis for the idea whatsoever, and so asserting it dogmatically is a very bad idea. None of the major modern I’ve copy/pasted the two rules that conflict just below: Westcott & Hort rule #9: Prefer readings in manuscripts that habitually contain better readings, which is more certain if it’s also an older manuscript and if it doesn’t contain combinations of other variations (as in rule #3). manuscripts, Vaticanus and Sinaiticus, as their text base. This disproportionate copying could be a good thing, as we saw in the section on whether scribes copied better manuscripts. criticism have abandoned the textus receptus as a standard text. For example take John 11:38 “Jesus wept.” If 25 manuscripts contain “Jesus was upset,” 30 said “Jesus was filled with compassion,” and 50 said “Jesus wept,” because the majority say “Jesus wept,” that will be in the WEB. Now, let’s look at Isaiah 40 in greater context, and you’ll see it’s clearly a Messianic passage.
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