The shrine at this time stood on a raised platform and apparently contained, as a characteristic feature, an artificial mountain or peak, a so-called ziggurat, the precise shape and size of which we are, however, unable to determine. United Nations, Post-Conflict and Post-Disaster Responses, Astronomy and World Heritage Thematic Initiative, Human Evolution: Adaptations, Dispersals and Social Developments (HEADS), Initiative on Heritage of Astronomy, Science and Technology, Initiative on Heritage of Religious Interest, Natural World Heritage in the Congo Basin, Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, Reducing Disasters Risks at World Heritage Properties, World Heritage and Sustainable Development, World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Programme, World Heritage Centre’s Natural Heritage Strategy, World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme (WHEAP). This name never caught on, however, and the institution was soon called informally ‘The University Museum,’ a name it adopted officially in 1913. Learn more about the mythic conflict between the Argives and the Trojans. In the decades following World War II, most countries established cultural patrimony laws forbidding the export of antiquities. In his zeal to transform the Museum into a research institution, however, Rainey neglected aspects of the buildings and Penn Museum collections. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. A portrait of Sara Yorke Stevenson (1847–1921) hangs in the Penn Museum Archives, a tribute to this dynamic woman’s crucial role in the Museum’s history. Early in the 3rd millennium B.C. It was totally abandoned by 1720 BCE, and sand progressively covered the city. Another branch of the Euphrates River flowed around the western side of town. der Vorderas. — From Men in Search of Man: The First Seventy-Five Years of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania (1964) by Percy C. Madeira, Jr., President of the University Museum 1941–1962. The fate of Nippur depended closely on the behaviour of its main water source, the Euphrates, like other cities along the water course. He either (a) lives to a ripe old age because of his outdoor life, or (b) is buried in an early grave because (b-i) a rock falls on his head, or (b-ii) he gets a bad case of chronic dysentery which ruins his digestive system. At a meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) in 1900, Stevenson heard a recent Smith College graduate, Miss Harriet Boyd (later Harriet Boyd Hawes), report on her research in Crete. On purely epigraphic grounds the suggestion has indeed been made that it should be assigned to the Kassite period (not earlier than 1700 B.C. In fact, the excavations at Nippur have been the primary source of the literary writing of Sumer. The result of their work is a fairly continuous history of Nippur, and especially of its great temple, E-kur, from the earliest period. In one of these earlier strata, of very great antiquity, there was discovered, in connexion with the shrine, a conduit built of bricks, in the form of an arch. Some structures in the residential area housed enormous numbers of tablets. The team also carried out investigations in the city wall at the eastern side of the ziggurat and at a small Islamic mound outside the city defences. A fund-raising entity, named the University Archaeological Association, but independent of the University, was also formed. Her temple was situated very close to the Midtown Canal. We've got you covered with our map collection. The great complex of ruin mounds lying S.W. There is evidence of the succession on this site of different peoples, varying somewhat in their degrees of civilization. The history and ancient civilisations of Iraq - The Lancet Permanent exhibits at the national Iraq Museum, Baghdad, Iraq, which reopened in ... tion of Iraq, coach loads of European ... including Nippur, Uruk, and Ur that. All the urban and architectural remains of Nippur are included within the official boundaries of the site, which is protected against adverse development under Law No 55 of 2002 for the Antiquities and Heritage. Female figure, made of gypsum, with a gold mask that stood at a temple altar in Nippur. On Friday, December 13, 1889, a special exhibition of Maxwell Sommerville’s gem collection and the antiquities purchased by the Babylonian expedition opened. Under George Byron Gordon, the Museum’s first full-time director (1910– 1927), research was conducted all over the globe, from Siberia to the Amazon, at major sites in Egypt and Guatemala. In addition, issues of cultural patrimony and repatriation are of worldwide concern. One stratum is marked by painted pottery of good make, similar to that found in a corresponding stratum in Susa, and resembling the early pottery of the Aegean region more closely than any later pottery found in Babylonia. History of Mesopotamia, the region in southwestern Asia where the world’s earliest civilization developed. Philadelphia, PA 19104 Nippur's position in the geographical centre of Babylonia was a major factor in its development throughout the 4th and 3rd millennia. The exact form of the sanctuary at that period cannot be determined, but it seems to have been in some way connected with the burning of the dead, and extensive remains of such cremation are found in all the earlier, pre-Sargonic strata. — Alexandra Fleischman. It was decided that a library, then under construction, would house finds from the expedition. This sketch map represents a quarter of the city to the eastward of the Shatt-en-Nil canal, which was enclosed within its own walls, a city within a city, forming an irregular square, with sides roughly 2700 ft. long, separated from the other quarters of the city, as from the surrounding country to the north and east, by canals on all sides, with broad quays along the walls.
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