The first sentence in Poincaré’s article is, “Il semble au premier abord que la lumière et les phénomènes optiques et électrique qui s’y rattachent vont nous fournir un moyen de déterminer le mouvement absolu de la Terre, ou plutôt son mouvement, non par rapport aux autres astres, mais par rapport à l’éther.”, In the translation by SW, this sentence reads “It seems at first that the aberration of light and related optical and electrical phenomena will provide us with a means of determining the absolute motion of the Earth, or rather its motion with respect to the ether, as opposed to its motion with respect to other celestial bodies.”, In the translation that appears in a book by CWK, the sentence reads “It would seem at first sight that the aberration of light and the optical and electrical effects related thereto should afford a means of determining the absolute motion of the earth, or rather its motion relative to the ether instead of relative to the other celestial bodies.”. The Avignon festival[40] was started in 1947 by Jean Vilar who was also important in the creation of the T.N.P. The war in Indochina ended with French defeat and withdrawal in 1954. In response to Penelopegate, the National Assembly passed a part of Macron's proposed law to stop mass corruption in French politics by July 2017, banning elected representatives from hiring family members. Since 1999, France has seen an unprecedented growth in population. A long, multivolume novel that presents the history of several generations of a family or community. © Copyright 2018 ATA French Language Division. This is a timeline of French history, comprising important legal changes and political events in France and its predecessor states.To read about the background to these events, see History of France.See also the list of Frankish kings, French monarchs, and [[President of the French Republic|presidents of . France borrowed billions of dollars from the U.S. that it had to repay. The center of domestic attention soon shifted, however, to the economic reform and belt-tightening measures required for France to meet the criteria for Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) laid out by the Maastricht Treaty. Major historical dates and events in French history, with wars and battles; the reigns of the kings, queens and political figures. Clemenceau realized his first priority was to restore civilian morale. The French far-right expanded greatly and theories of race and anti-semitism proliferated in many quarters. But it had joined late, and comparatively it had lost in the competition with its war-footing neighbor Germany, and with its trade-based chief rival across the Channel, Great Britain. Since the 1960s, France has experienced a great deal of Jewish immigration from the Mediterranean and North Africa, and the Jewish population in France is estimated at around 600,000 today. The Rulers of France: From 840 Until 2017. Today, France, with a population of 62 and a half million, or 65 million including overseas territories, is the third most populous country of Europe, behind Russia and Germany. The great hardships of wartime, and of the immediate post-war period, were succeeded by a period of steady economic development, in France, now often fondly recalled there as The Thirty Glorious Years (Les Trente Glorieuses). The gift so pleased him that he decided to give a sprig of lily of the valley to each of the women in his court every year. Let me start by explaining the context in which I encountered these errors and then showing them to you. So far I’ve only looked at two; I’ve been too cheap to pay for a copy of the third article. on 6th February. The first written records for the history of France appeared in the Iron Age.What is now France made up the bulk of the region known to the Romans as Gaul.Greek writers noted the presence of three main ethno-linguistic groups in the area: the Gauls, the Aquitani, and the Belgae.The Gauls, the largest and best attested group, were Celtic people speaking what is known as the Gaulish language. ", Gilles Pison, "La population de la France en 2005,". This effort nonetheless failed to stop arms shipments from Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union. “The patient, a 58-year-old female, was seen in the emergency department.” “The meeting was called to order and the minutes from the previous meeting approved.”. All rights reserved. After an initial period of double-dealing and passive collaboration with the Nazis, the Vichy regime passed to active participation (largely the work of prime minister Pierre Laval). Algeria was no mere colony. There are in fact three published translations of this article by Poincaré from 1905. By 2004, France had the second highest birthrate in Europe, behind only Ireland.[33][34]. An enormous amount has been written about this article comparing it to one published in the same year by Albert Einstein that became the recognized foundation for the theory of special relativity. Maoism and autonomism became quite popular in far-left movements, opposing both the Socialist Party and the Communist Party. As professional French-into-English translators, we commonly encounter the French historical present tense in meeting minutes and reports of clinical cases written by doctors. In these documents, the writers use the present tense (and thereby avoid repeated use of the passé composé and imparfait) to describe events that occurred sometime earlier. [30][31], France experienced a baby boom after 1945; it reversed a long-term record of low birth rates. 1816 Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, 1821 Death of Napoleon I on the island of Saint Helene, 1822 Louis Pasteur is born December 27th in the town of. [13] After The Republicans emerged as the winners of the Senate elections, government spokesman Christophe Castaner stated the elections were a "failure" for his party.[14]. Some of the most important works of the century were written by foreign authors in French (Eugène Ionesco, Samuel Beckett). The population grew from 41 million in 1946, to 50 million in 1966, and 60 million by 1990. However, war-weariness was a major factor by 1917, even reaching the army. I decided to look at an article he wrote in 1905. [18] On 9 August, the National Assembly adopted the bill on public ethics, a key theme of Macron's campaign, after debates on the scrapping the constituency funds. D'un point de vue historique, le paysage agricole est en constante transformation. [4][5] While the 1920s grew at the very strong rate of 4.43% per year, the 1930s rate fell to only 0.63%.
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