/ The rest of the words were borrowed from other languages, mostly from Greek and Latin, and to a lesser extent from French and Russian. Finite verbal forms are simple or compound and agree with subjects in person (first, second and third) and number (singular, plural). 2002 (1962) Българска диалектология. Before 1945 the pronoun "they" was spelled тѣ (. They are mostly interrogative or slightly imperative in nature. ще – from the verb ща – 'to want.' Bulgarian has an extensive vocabulary covering, This page was last edited on 24 November 2020, at 19:24. It has completely replaced the infinitive and the supine from complex expressions (see below). Present, past, future tenses are expressed in a number of simple, compound, and hybrid forms. Along with the closely related Macedonian language (collectively forming the East South Slavic languages), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund and South Slavic dialect continuum of the Indo-European language family. Bulgarian adopted also a few words of Thracian and Bulgar origin. ); nyakakav (some sort of); nikakav (no sort of); vsyakakav (every sort of); and the relative pronoun kakavto (the sort of ... that ... ). Others, attempting to adhere to the norm, will actually use the "ya" sound even in cases where the standard language has "e" (e.g. първо (firstly), второ (secondly), трето (thirdly), and in some cases from (adjective-like) cardinal numerals, e.g. Български език. You should have a list of basic Bulgarian phrases that will help you survive in a country where the language has nothing in common with most of the world’s most spoken languages. [44][45] Outside Bulgaria and Greece, Macedonian is generally considered an autonomous language within the South Slavic dialect continuum. There are also conditional and compound-imperative crossovers. They are mostly used at the end of questions or instructions. A growing number of international neologisms are also being widely adopted, causing controversy between younger generations who, in general, are raised in the era of digital globalization, and the older, more conservative educated purists. Distribution of the population of Ukraine`s regions by native language (0,1)", "The Population of the Republic of Moldova at the Time of the Census was 2,998,235", "Статистический ежегодник 2017 - Министерство экономического развития Приднестровской Молдавской Республики", Etnokonfesionalni i jezički mozaik Srbije (Popis stanovništa, domaćinstava i stanova 2011. u Republici Srbiji), "DC2210EWr - Main language by proficiency in English (regional)", "Стойков, Стойко. [43] After 1958, when the pressure from Moscow decreased, Sofia reverted to the view that the Macedonian language did not exist as a separate language. This is typical of all Slavic languages. while pusha, no ne tryabva and pusha, a ne tryabva both mean "I smoke, but I shouldn't", the first sounds more like a statement of fact ("...but I mustn't"), while the second feels more like a judgement ("...but I oughtn't"). Prior to standardization in the 19th century, after a period of Ottoman Turkish as a lingua franca for about 5 centuries, vernacular Bulgarian is estimated to have consisted of 50% Ottoman vocabulary, which contained predominantly (up to 80%) Arabic and Persian words.[54][55]. The ones that use the Cyrillic alphabet (like русский) include Serbian, Bulgarian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, and of course Russian. In modern Bulgarian, definiteness is expressed by a definite article which is postfixed to the noun, much like in the Scandinavian languages or Romanian (indefinite: човек, 'person'; definite: човекът, "the person") or to the first nominal constituent of definite noun phrases (indefinite: добър човек, 'a good person'; definite: добрият човек, "the good person"). [37] The codifiers of the standard Bulgarian language, however, did not wish to make any allowances for a pluricentric "Bulgaro-Macedonian" compromise. However, a recently developed language norm requires that count forms should only be used with masculine nouns that do not denote persons. They are но (no), ама (amà), а (a), ами (amì), and ала (alà) (and обаче (obache) – "however", identical in use to но). MustGo.com. In some cases, this name was used not only with regard to the contemporary Middle Bulgarian language of the copyist but also to the period of Old Bulgarian. Nouns and adjectives have the categories grammatical gender, number, case (only vocative) and definiteness in Bulgarian. The remaining 25% to 30% are loanwords from a number of languages, as well as derivations of such words. Modern Bulgarian was based essentially on the Eastern dialects of the language, but its pronunciation is in many respects a compromise between East and West Bulgarian (see especially the phonetic sections below). Another interesting phenomenon that is observed in colloquial speech is the use of takova (neuter of takyv) not only as a substitute for an adjective, but also as a substitute for a verb. The language is also represented among the diaspora in Western Europe and North America, which has been steadily growing since the 1990s. Privacy Policy Terms of Use The letter was used in each occurrence of such a root, regardless of the actual pronunciation of the vowel: thus, both mlyako and mlekar were spelled with (Ѣ). With cardinal numbers and related words such as няколко ('several'), masculine nouns use a special count form in –а/–я, which stems from the Proto-Slavonic dual: два/три стола ('two/three chairs') versus тези столове ('these chairs'); cf. "writing", etc. The difference is that mutable parts of speech vary grammatically, whereas the immutable ones do not change, regardless of their use. Palatalization refers to a secondary articulation whereby the body of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate during the articulation of the consonant. and has no perfect English translation. Contemporary Standard Bulgarian is the official variant of the language.
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