From here, the signal typically travels through the “insert” section, where you can connect outboard processors (like gates and compressors) before running through the EQ section. Plus, more counterintuitive ways to get fuller yet controlled low-end in your mix. website. Just make sure you keep it out of the red! He has been helping artists connect with fans through emotionally resonant mixes, cohesive masters, and insightful guidance for over 10 years. Get 65% Off Mix Essentials Now. Some of them have 32 channels, dozens of knobs and more LED lights than your average Christmas tree. ThereÕs the normal way of using a mixer, and then thereÕs your way. 2. Author’s Note: For contrast, most modern digital consoles feature fully parametric EQ, gates and compressors on every channel, in addition to multiple effects processors. Many engineers choose to run their power amps at full blast, although if not properly gain staged it could lead to a low signal to noise ratio. immediately know how to operate most of the mixerÕs controls. Typically, you’ll have a fixed low band and high band, with adjustable gain and frequencies. Check out his website. There’s a power amp built into the unit and all you need to do is plug the IEC cable into the wall to turn them on. Most analog consoles are outfitted with a four band semi-parametric EQ, which sounds intimidating but isn’t, really. Next, your signal runs through the Aux Send section. The next piece of the channel strip is the fader. Console Aux Outputs > Graphic EQs > Power Amps > Monitors. 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Most consoles have dedicated Stereo Aux Returns specifically for FX, although literally any channel input will do. Channel – controls all sound for one microphone/CD . Power amps have one job: they supply power to passive speakers. Power is measured in watts and sometimes referred to as program, continuous or RMS power rating. Brad Pack is an award-winning audio engineer and writer based in Chicago, IL. To connect passive speakers to your console, run an XLR from their main outputs of the console to the inputs on your power amps, then connect the outputs of the power amps to the inputs of the speakers using TS or Speakon cables. 4. Too little gain and the signal feels weak and noisy. 7 Crucial Mistakes Engineers Make Running Live Sound, How to Sound Check a Band for a Live Show, Tips for Keeping Your Live Mix Interesting, How to Find Polarity Problems Ruining Your Sound System, Black Friday is On! Aside from the center, or “master” section, the rest of the console operates exactly the same as channel 1. Thank you for choosing a Yamaha CL series CL5/CL3/CL1 Digital Mixing Console. Other times, mixing may require repairing tracks that sound sub-par. Finally, turn on the speakers/power amps last, otherwise you’ll get a nasty pop in the system when you turn on whatever missing component is behind the speakers. To connect active speakers to your console, simply run an XLR or TRS cable from the main outputs on the console to the inputs on the speakers. Stage monitors are connected essentially the same way the mains are connected, only using the aux outputs instead of the main outputs. Speakers come in two basic types: active and passive. Then, simply follow the chain down the line. Without it, there’s no music, and you’re not much of an engineer at all, actually. Each stage monitor will need it’s own graphic EQ and aux send. Now that you’ve got PA set up, it’s time for load-in, soundcheck and show time! Then, use the “thru” outputs to connect the subwoofers to your active “tops” using XLRs. EQ – adjusts tone of microphone sound Console Main Outputs > Graphic EQs > Crossover > Power Amps > Main Speakers. Of course, you’ll have to make sure the Aux Outputs on the back of the board are connected to the correct stage monitors and/or FX processors. 3. Active subwoofers include built-in “crossovers”, which are devices that split your signal in two — low frequencies go to the subwoofers and everything else goes to the mains. This template won’t work for every band, but use it as a starting point or a reference guide when setting up and you should be prepared for most gigs. It’s equal parts signal flow, miking technique, ear training, problem-solving, psychology and customer service. Generally, analog consoles are outfitted with semi-parametric EQs on every channel, and outboard processors are used for dynamics and effects processing (gates, comps, reverbs, delays, etc). Lets start at the top of the mixer … For demonstration purposes, let’s assume you’re working with a 5-piece rock band: drums, bass, 2 guitars, keyboards and 4 vocals. They’re connected to Auxes 1-4, respectively. Mixing consoles are sold with different numbers of channels. It all starts with the input of the preamp. Everything is done internally on the desk so there’s no need for outboard gear. Gain switch – adjusts amount of signal from microphone into the board . Set the frequency at which you’d like to split the signals, then connect the “low” outputs to the power amps for the subs and the “high” outputs to the power amps for the mains. Console Main Outputs > Graphic EQs > Crossover > Power Amps > Subwoofers. You need to use an amp that is 50% more powerful than your speakers. Too much gain and the signal can clip and distort. In Soundbooth, find jack # (white label) on the board . *Author’s Note: Active speakers have built-in crossovers, so there’s no need for an outboard unit. Always start at the beginning of the signal chain — the console. Analog consoles usually have a few buttons (M, 1+2, 3+4, etc) directly next to each fader that allow you to send the signal to the mains and/or one or more subgroups. Discover how to make your kick and bass hit hard by cutting (NOT boosting) the right frequencies! It increases the intensity of what the microphone can “hear”, and is used to dial in the appropriate intensity of each instrument. The important thing to remember is that if you can understand how one channel strip works, you can understand how roughly 80% of the console works. Console Main Outputs > Graphic EQs > Crossover. If passive speakers are being used, you’ll have to purchase an outboard crossover, which works the same way the ones on active subs do. For instance, if you’re using two 8 ohm, 1000 watt speakers, you’ll need two 8 ohm, 1500 watt power amps, or a single 8 ohm, 2-channel 3000 watt power amp. By routing similar signals to subgroups (like drums, bass, guitars, vocals, etc), you can balance levels by controlling multiple mics at once, leaving your other hand free to mix effects, run lights, or fight off the droves of groupies that are always fighting to hang out with the sound engineer. Finally, there’s usually a fixed high-pass filter switch set to a specific slope and frequency (usually around 80 Hz). Aside from panning stereo signals left and right, there’s not a lot of use for panning in live sound. On most large format consoles, channels have a 1/4″ “insert send” output to send the signal to the processor and a 1/4” “insert return” input to return the processed signal. While every engineer does things a little bit differently, here’s an example of what a typical 16-channel board mix might look like, including common microphone options, inserts, and aux sends. The most important skill you can have as a live sound engineer is a solid understanding of signal flow. Occasionally they’ll feature a button to switch between a shelf and bell shape. Analog consoles can be really intimidating. Remember, each speaker should be paired with a GEQ and an appropriately matched power amp. Passive speakers are unpowered. Get to know how the fader feels under your fingers. Remember, when using outboard FX processors, you can send a signal from the Aux Sends, but if you actually want to hear the effect you need to return it as well. OK, this is gonna get kind of weird, so bear with me…. On/off switch – must be switched ON BEFORE SPEAKERS . We'll just refer to it as the mixer. Many analog consoles have a pre/post button that allows you to move the insert point before or after the EQ. Occasionally, more than 2 subwoofers are required for a gig, in which case, you’ll need to use a speaker management system. How to Operate a Sound System Mixer. Awesome. The mixer is your home base. The reverb unit is connected to Aux 5 and the delay unit is connected to Aux 6. Every console is different, but they all serve the same function.
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